It is hard to find superlatives about Tuscany that have not already been said and worn thin.
This remarkable region, famous for its green landscapes, outstanding vineyards, picturesque towns, impressive cities, and some of the most renowned works of art in the world, truly offers everything the average traveler could dream of.
The region covers an area of about 23,000 square kilometers and is home to approximately 3.7 million residents.
The capital is Florence, whose historic center is one of six sites in the region recognized as cultural heritage landmarks.
Beyond the famous statue of David, the city contains countless fascinating works of art.
Before diving into the endless green scenery, here are several important things to know and an initial introduction to the major cities of Tuscany.
Language: Italian
Currency: Euro
Weather: Similar to a Mediterranean climate, though slightly colder and rainier in winter.
Transportation: To travel around the region, renting a car is recommended. Within the cities themselves, it is preferable to avoid driving, park the car, and leave it until the next trip.
The cities of Tuscany, including Florence, are concentrated around relatively small areas of interest, so public transportation is generally unnecessary.
Nevertheless, Florence has an efficient system of buses and minibuses, as well as taxis. Caution is advised due to cars and scooters speeding through narrow streets.
Electricity: The voltage is similar to that used in many European countries, but an adapter is required.
The Cities
Florence
A small city with a big presence. Small in size, but large in the number of attractions it offers. Lovers of art and history can spend days moving between galleries, museums, and landmarks. Even those less drawn to the Renaissance should dedicate at least three days to the city and allow its rhythm and quieter corners to reveal themselves.
Lucca
The northern part of Tuscany is less visited by non Italians. Its capital, Lucca, is a relatively affluent city surrounded by walls encircled by gardens and dotted with dozens of churches and green spaces.
The city center is fairly quiet, partly due to the habit of many residents to ride bicycles instead of loud scooters.
A wonderful way to explore the city is to climb one of the wall towers and walk along the wide promenade. The city is known for strictly observing midday rest hours.
Pisa
Most visitors come to Pisa for a single day, admire the leaning tower, briefly visit the cathedral, and move on.
However, the city’s beauty and rich history certainly justify a longer stay.
Siena
Legend has it that Siena was founded by the son of one of the founders of Rome.
In practice, it was established by ancient civilizations, but this did not prevent residents from adopting the she wolf as the city’s symbol.
After Florence, Siena is the largest city in Tuscany and, in the opinion of many, far more pleasant and beautiful than the more crowded cities. Surrounded by walls and built on three ridges, Siena offers classic Tuscan landscapes and great charm.
It is divided into 17 districts, each named after a different animal, whose symbols appear throughout the neighborhoods.
Twice each summer, thrilling horse races take place in the main square during a traditional festival.
Visiting during these dates, as well as during peak tourist season, requires booking accommodations well in advance. Surrounding Siena are some of the most beautiful villages and sites in Tuscany.
A Bit of History
The name Tuscany originates from the name of an ancient tribe that settled in the region around 1000 BCE.
During ancient times and later under Roman rule, Tuscany was not a unified political entity. In the sixth century CE, the region was united under a single duchy.
Later it was ruled by various European powers and noble families that controlled additional territories throughout Italy.
In the early twelfth century, the power of the ruling family declined and the cities of Tuscany gained independence.
The cities fought one another for dominance, until power eventually shifted to Florence, which unified the region under a ruling house.
This period marked the height of the Italian Renaissance, a time whose contribution to history, culture, and science is immeasurable.
Hundreds of buildings were constructed, books were written and translated, and artists who changed the course of history presented their work.
It seemed as though the sun rose from Florence itself.
Despite prosperity, the ruling family faced strong opposition and was twice removed from power before being reinstated.
In the sixteenth century, the prestige of the duchy began to fade, and following the death of the last ruler, control passed to another European dynasty.
In the nineteenth century, the region was conquered and reorganized, and although foreign rule eventually ended, many of the reforms remained in place, including political tolerance and liberalism.
Ultimately, the movement toward national unification led to the end of external control. In 1860, residents voted to join a unified Italy.
Today, Tuscany is one of the most prosperous regions in Italy, thanks to its developed agriculture and the wealth generated by the many tourists who come to experience the history and abundance nestled among its hills.
